Burning wood pellets and other biomass fuel pellets efficiently depends on several factors including volume; speed and temperature of combustion air and burn pot designs. There are many different designs of pellet boilers and stoves, ranging from the simple designs to cope with premium wood pellets, to more sophisticated designs, which can cope with high ash content pellets, clinker and slag formations and corrosion issues. Pellets burner much cleaner than logs or coal producing less smoke and particulates. Due to this pellet combustion produces much less ash and therefore much less maintenance than burning other fuels. There are other areas of pellet combustion that are attracting interest in both the developed and developing world. In the developed world, pellet BBQ’s are growing in popularity. Both softwoods and hardwoods are being produced from varieties such as apple and cherry wood and the flavours transfer very nicely into the food. Using pellets of these wood varieties also means pellet BBQ’s are also ideal to smoke food. In the developing world, cooking is also an area of interest for pellets.
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Powerless but highly efficient cooking stoves are being designed so people can use a wide variety of local biomass resources to produce fuel for cooking purposes. Deforestation is becoming an even more serious issue; due to western activities of removing forests there is less wood resources for local people to use in a sustainable way. With open fires most of the energy is lost and combustion efficiency is very poor. So to reduce the deforestation, more resources must be made available in a useable form and combustion efficiency must also be dramatically increased. Basic stove designs such as the rocket stove work on the principles of gasification and complete combustion. This means the stove is far more efficient than an open fire, cooks the food far more quickly and also more importantly uses far less fuel. As these stoves have no moving parts they are also cheap to produce, which is important to try and speed up improved combustion technology adoption.
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Why pellets play such a crucial role is the ability to use other fuels than simply just wood. Agriculture is obviously the main source of income, and there are huge resources wasted after the food crops have been harvested. Straw is regarded as a waste in many countries and simply burned in an open fire. This is not only really bad for global warming due to the poor combustion, however it is also a massive waste of useable energy. Straw can be turned into pellets, which is ideal for these designs of stoves.
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