Fossil fuels currently generate most of our electrical demands, and nuclear also plays a significant role. While coal and oil power plants are prime culprits for high CO2 outputs linked to global warming, nuclear power plants are hardly the safe or cheap option. So what other energy options to produce electricity are available to us, and should we follow the same network set-up of a few large-scale electrical production facilities. Wind and solar power gain most of the headlines in the papers on how to generate green electricity. There are also solar thermal power stations where the suns energy is directed by a series of large mirrors to a tower with a boiler at the top. The heat from the sun is directed onto the boiler. The boiler then produces steam, which powers a turbine to produce electricity, which is sent back to the grid. Is it also possible to produce electricity from wood and other biomass resources, even on a small scale. Biomass which includes wood does not place additional carbon into the atmosphere during combustion.
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Pyrolasis can turn resources such as wood residue, straw, grasses and any other form of biomass and waste into a collection of gases. These gases include methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; with a 1:1 air ratio in a combustion engine the gases can run any internal combustion engine. So even a small setup could be used to run a gasifier on wood or any other biomass and send the energy into your home or business or back into the grid. There are several advantages from completing this process on a small scale which include control of your energy cost and supply and additional revenue from selling energy back to the grid. Energy will only become more expensive in the future, generating electricity on a small scale can produce cheaper energy and at the same time generate long term jobs.
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Large gasifiers can operate on most forms of biomass, and can do so economically and efficiently because of the expensive automated setup. Obviously to keep costs of operation and labour to a minimum automation is also important however the cost of the equipment to justify output must also be considered. Therefore to create an automated low maintenance process on a small scale the best option is to upgrade the raw material into pellets. Pellets have a uniform shape and size and high density, therefore contain very high yields of energy per tonne of fuel compared to unprocessed biomass. By operating a small scale gasifier on pellets provides the level of automation required to operate a small-scale electrical generator efficiently and at a profit.
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