Setting control properties is dead easy: simply right-click the control and choose Properties from the context menu. Alternatively, if the Properties window is already visible, simply highlight the control to displays its properties.

Each control has “ID” property which allows you to add a unique name to each element. This ties in with the “id” attribute assigned to HTML elements but is also used by server-side code as a way of referring to the element. All server controls must have an ID, so a default ID is assigned to a control as soon as it is created. Whilst it is possible to be lazy and leave these default IDs in place, it makes much more sense to give each control a descriptive name which matches its role within the context of that page. Many developers like to add further clarity to the name of a control by using a short prefix denoting its type; for example, “txt…” for TextBox controls and “lbl… ” for label controls.

Those properties located in the “Appearance” section of the Properties window determine how the control looks. It contains such properties as the “BackColor” and “ForeColor” as well as the sub-category “Font”. The “Font” sub-category allows you to set the font, size and style of the text within a control. The text property determines the text which is displayed on the control. With some control, like the TextBox control, the text property is normally left blank. With other controls, such as labels and buttons, the text property is essential and will need to be changed from its default value.

Depending on the page content, users may utilize the keyboard to activate controls. The TabIndex property is used to specify the order in which elements are activated when using the Tab key to navigate the page. To use this feature, simply assign a number to the TabIndex for each element on the page. Controls with a low TabIndex number will be accessed before those with a higher TabIndex.

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HTML controls are useful, but Web server controls are more powerful because they are not linked to a specific HTML element and subject to its limitations. Some Web server controls are fairly simple but some of them are extremely complex. They offer black box functionality which would require fairly complex client-side and server-side coding to achieve if they did not exist. It is hardly surprising that server controls are the most frequently used component in ASP.NET.

When using Web server controls, developers are able to focus on the web page functionality and user-response that they require without having to worry about how this would be achieved using HTML elements. At runtime, the ASP.NET engine will generate the necessary HTML, CSS and JavaScript for each client browser.

One example of the advanced functionality offered by Web server controls is the calendar. The developer adds this to a web page as a single component and writes code to determine how it will respond to user interaction. At runtime, the necessary HTML markup is produced, saving the developer hours of coding and testing.

Another sophisticated, time-saving Web server control is the FileUpload control. This allows you to add a browse and upload facility to any web page with very little coding. Similarly, the MultiView and View server controls are used in conjunction to control the visibility of different parts of a page. Each view contains different content and the end user is able to move through the views in the sequence specified by the developer.

Wizards are a very familiar feature in software programs and ASP.NET offers a Web server control that allows you to add this same functionality to a web page. The Wizard server control enables you to set up a series of steps which will be presented to your user in the order you specify. It is ideal for building forms where information is gathered in a series of steps rather than overwhelming the user with one single, huge form. The Wizard control is similar to the MultiView and View controls but offers a far greater degree of customization.

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Some types of control are more likely to require validation than others. For example, text boxes in which the user can choose to enter any information they like is likely to require more checking than a check box which can be checked or unchecked and nothing else. In addition, some fields will require multiple validation checks while others will require only one or perhaps none at all.

The Microsoft ASP.NET validation server controls provide web developers with both server-side and client-side validation. Server-side validation takes place on the server and is usually implemented using one of the two main languages used in ASP.NET web development: VB.Net or C#. Client-side validation takes place in the user’s browser and is usually done using JavaScript, before the form is sent to the server.

There are benefits and drawbacks to both client-side and server-side validation. From the user’s point of view, client-side validation is quicker and also frees up the server to perform other tasks. However, it is in no way secure. It is easy for the user to look at the source code of the page and see what type of validation is being performed. It is also possible for the user to disable the execution of JavaScript within their browser’s preferences.

The drawbacks found with server-side validation are that it is slightly slower and uses more of the server’s precious processing power. However, it is secure and allows developers to set up validation procedures which users cannot side-step.

Since both client-side and server-side have definite benefits, it is usually best to implement both of them when creating forms. The validation server controls found in ASP.NET make this very doable and very easy.

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BoundFields are the default container for displaying data from a given column in the data source. By contrast, any content you desire can be placed inside a TemplateField element. This makes it ideal for setting up validation through the use of validation controls.

TemplateFields may contain static HTML/CSS, ASP.NET web server controls as well as databinding statements. They also offer great flexibility by allowing you to include a variety of templates to cater for the different states of the conditions arising within the GridView. There are several types of template which may be added inside a TemplateField object; the main ones are described below.

The HeaderTemplate offers a way of customizing the information which will be displayed in the header of the column in which the TemplateField is located.

Use the ItemTemplate to hold the information which you want displayed for each row of data when the GridView object is not selected for editing.

Use the EditItemTemplate to hold the information which you want displayed for each row of data when the GridView object is in edit mode. It is here that you would place the controls necessary for validation.

Typically, you would display the information currently held in the database by adding a TextBox control inside the EditItemTemplate and databind it to the appropriate column from the data source using a statement like Bind(“FirstName”). Inside the same EditItemTemplate, you would then place the necessary validation control. For example, if you want to ensure that the field is not left blank when the form is submitted, you would insert a RequiredFieldValidator control.

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